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Surgical Endoscopy
Gastroesophageal reflux-associated aspiration alters the immune response in asthma
Sat, 14 Nov 2009 06:59:18 -0000
Abstract Background A large number of studies point toward chronic aspiration associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) as an important factor involved in the development of asthma, the incidence of which has increased dramatically in industrially developed countries. Recent work suggests that medical intervention aimed at acid blockade is not sufficient to relieve the effects of chronic aspiration on asthma pathology, leaving surgical treatment of the disease as one of the few remaining options. This study examined the effect of chronic aspiration on the airway-associated immune response to allergens using a model of experimentally induced airway hypersensitivity in Balb/c mice. Methods The mice received aspiration of gastric fluid on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, 36, 43, and 50 and were sensitized to ovalbumin by intraperitoneal (IP) injection on days 33 and 47, challenged with aerosolized ovalbumin on day 54, and killed on day 56. Control mice received sham gastric fluid aspirations, sham induction of airway hypersensitivity, or both. Results Chronic aspiration of 50 μl murine gastric fluid once per week for 8 weeks had a profound effect on the immune system in the lung, with upregulation of the macrophage/monocyte-associated cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) and profound downregulation of a broad array of T-cell-associated cytokines including interleukins 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 13, and 23, as well as interferon-γ. The aspiration-induced depression of IL-5 production in particular was found only in mice with airway hypersensitivity and not in control mice without airway hypersensitivity. Conclusions The results indicate that chronic aspiration of gastric fluid has a profound effect on the nature of the allergic response to aerosolized allergens, suggesting that the aspiration may be an important factor affecting the pathogenesis of asthma. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00464-009-0727-5Authors Anitra D. Thomas, Duke University Medical Center Department of Surgery DUMC Box 2605 Durham NC 27710 USAKuei-Ying Su, Duke University Medical Center Department of Surgery DUMC Box 2605 Durham NC 27710 USAJui-Chih Chang, Duke University Medical Center Department of Surgery DUMC Box 2605 Durham NC 27710 USAJason H. Leung, Duke University Medical Center Department of Surgery DUMC Box 2605 Durham NC 27710 USASean M. Lee, Duke University Medical Center Department of Surgery DUMC Box 2605 Durham NC 27710 USAZoie E. Holzknecht, Duke University Medical Center Department of Surgery DUMC Box 2605 Durham NC 27710 USAMary Lou Everett, Duke University Medical Center Department of Surgery DUMC Box 2605 Durham NC 27710 USAWilliam Parker, Duke University Medical Center Department of Surgery DUMC Box 2605 Durham NC 27710 USAR. Duane Davis, Duke University Medical Center Department of Surgery DUMC Box 2605 Durham NC 27710 USAShu S. Lin, Duke University Medical Center Department of Surgery DUMC Box 2605 Durham NC 27710 USA Journal Surgical EndoscopyOnline ISSN 1432-2218Print ISSN 0930-2794
Optimizing lymphadenectomy in laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer
Sat, 14 Nov 2009 06:59:18 -0000
Optimizing lymphadenectomy in laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer Content Type Journal ArticleCategory LetterDOI 10.1007/s00464-009-0747-1Authors Christof Hottenrott, Chirurgische Klinik St. Elisabethenkrankenhaus Frankfurt Germany Journal Surgical EndoscopyOnline ISSN 1432-2218Print ISSN 0930-2794
Internal validity of randomized controlled trials reported in major gastrointestinal and surgical endoscopy journals in 2008
Sat, 14 Nov 2009 06:59:16 -0000
Abstract Background Assessment of the reported methodology for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the major gastrointestinal and surgical endoscopy journals has never been reported. Methods Generation of the allocation sequence, allocation concealment, double blinding, sample size calculation, number of patients, and funding source included in methodologic quality were retrieved from each trial, and all the relevant trials were identified by a search of all clinical trials published in 2008 in four major gastrointestinal and surgical endoscopy journals. Results A total of 64 trials were included in the final analysis, which found that 50% (32/64) of all trials reported adequate generation of the allocation sequence, 58% (37/64) reported adequate allocation concealment, 47% (30/64) reported adequate blinding, 47% (30/64) reported adequate sample size calculation, and 67% (43/64) failed to disclose the funding source. Conclusions The study showed that the quality of the reported methodology in the major gastrointestinal and surgical endoscopy journals needs great improvement. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00464-009-0743-5Authors Yu Bai, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University Evidence-Based Medicine Group, Department of Gastroenterology 168 Changhai Road Shanghai ChinaYong-Fa Wu, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University Evidence-Based Medicine Group, Department of Gastroenterology 168 Changhai Road Shanghai ChinaDong Wang, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University Evidence-Based Medicine Group, Department of Gastroenterology 168 Changhai Road Shanghai ChinaYang Xia, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University Evidence-Based Medicine Group, Department of Gastroenterology 168 Changhai Road Shanghai ChinaJun Gao, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University Evidence-Based Medicine Group, Department of Gastroenterology 168 Changhai Road Shanghai ChinaDuo-Wu Zou, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University Evidence-Based Medicine Group, Department of Gastroenterology 168 Changhai Road Shanghai ChinaZhao-Shen Li, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University Evidence-Based Medicine Group, Department of Gastroenterology 168 Changhai Road Shanghai China Journal Surgical EndoscopyOnline ISSN 1432-2218Print ISSN 0930-2794
Is endoscopic closure with clips effective for both diagnostic and therapeutic colonoscopy-associated bowel perforation?
Sat, 14 Nov 2009 06:59:15 -0000
Abstract Background Colonic perforation is an uncommon but serious colonoscopy-associated complication. This study assessed the effectiveness of conservative management with endoscopic clipping for colonoscopy-associated perforations. Methods Clinical manifestations and management outcomes were assessed for 38 patients with colonoscopy-associated colonic perforations that occurred between January 2001 and April 2008 at the Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. These perforations were classified as endoscopically evident, endoscopically suspected, and radiologically proven. Results Of the 38 perforations, 19 were endoscopically evident, 9 were endoscopically suspected, and 10 were radiologically proven but without endoscopic evidence. Of the 19 patients with endoscopically evident perforations, 13 (68.4%) underwent endoscopic closure with clips, and all improved without surgery. All nine patients with endoscopically suspected perforations underwent endoscopic closure, and eight (88.9%) improved without surgery. Of the 10 radiologically proven perforations, 7 were detected within 1 day after colonoscopy. All the patients improved without surgery. However, two of the three patients with delayed perforations required emergency laparotomy. Consequently, of the 38 patients with perforations, 29 (76.3%) improved without surgery. Of the 28 patients with endoscopically evident or suspected perforations, conservative management was successful for 21 (95.5%) of the 22 patients with effective clipping, but for none (0%) of the 6 patients without clipping. Conclusions Conservative management by immediate endoscopic closure with clips can be effective for the treatment of colonic perforations detected during colonoscopy. Conservative management also may be tried cautiously for stable patients who have radiologically proven colonoscopy-associated perforations without endoscopic evidence. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00464-009-0746-2Authors Dong-Hoon Yang, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine 388-1, Pungnap-2dong, Songpa-gu Seoul 138-736 KoreaJeong-Sik Byeon, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine 388-1, Pungnap-2dong, Songpa-gu Seoul 138-736 KoreaKyung-Hoon Lee, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine 388-1, Pungnap-2dong, Songpa-gu Seoul 138-736 KoreaSoon Man Yoon, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine 388-1, Pungnap-2dong, Songpa-gu Seoul 138-736 KoreaKyung Jo Kim, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine 388-1, Pungnap-2dong, Songpa-gu Seoul 138-736 KoreaByong Duk Ye, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine 388-1, Pungnap-2dong, Songpa-gu Seoul 138-736 KoreaSeung-Jae Myung, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine 388-1, Pungnap-2dong, Songpa-gu Seoul 138-736 KoreaSuk-Kyun Yang, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine 388-1, Pungnap-2dong, Songpa-gu Seoul 138-736 KoreaJin-Ho Kim, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine 388-1, Pungnap-2dong, Songpa-gu Seoul 138-736 Korea Journal Surgical EndoscopyOnline ISSN 1432-2218Print ISSN 0930-2794
Objective classification of residents based on their psychomotor laparoscopic skills
Sat, 14 Nov 2009 06:59:14 -0000
Abstract Background From the clinical point of view, it is important to recognize residents’ level of expertise with regard to basic psychomotor skills. For that reason, surgeons and surgical organizations (e.g., Acreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, ACGME) are calling for assessment tools that credential residents as technically competent. Currently, no method is universally accepted or recommended for classifying residents as “experienced,” “intermediates,” or “novices” according to their technical abilities. This study introduces a classification method for recognizing residents’ level of experience in laparoscopic surgery based on psychomotor laparoscopic skills alone. Methods For this study, 10 experienced residents (>100 laparoscopic procedures performed), 10 intermediates (10–100 procedures performed), and 11 novices (no experience) performed four tasks in a box trainer. The movements of the laparoscopic instruments were recorded with the TrEndo tracking system and analyzed using six motion analysis parameters (MAPs). The MAPs of all participants were submitted to principal component analysis (PCA), a data reduction technique. The scores of the first principal components were used to perform linear discriminant analysis (LDA), a classification method. Performance of the LDA was examined using a leave-one-out cross-validation. Results Of 31 participants, 23 were classified correctly with the proposed method, with 7 categorized as experienced, 7 as intermediates, and 9 as novices. Conclusions The proposed method provides a means to classify residents objectively as experienced, intermediate, or novice surgeons according to their basic laparoscopic skills. Due to the simplicity and generalizability of the introduced classification method, it is easy to implement in existing trainers. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00464-009-0721-yAuthors Magdalena K. Chmarra, Delft University of Technology Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering (3mE) Mekelweg 2 2628 CD Delft The NetherlandsStefan Klein, University Medical Center Utrecht Image Sciences Institute Utrecht The NetherlandsJoost C. F. de Winter, Delft University of Technology Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering (3mE) Mekelweg 2 2628 CD Delft The NetherlandsFrank-Willem Jansen, Delft University of Technology Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Faculty of Me
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Gastroesophageal reflux-associated aspiration alters the immune response in asthma
Sat, 14 Nov 2009 06:59:18 -0000
Abstract Background A large number of studies point toward chronic aspiration associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) as an important factor involved in the development of asthma, the incidence of which has increased dramatically in industrially developed countries. Recent work suggests that medical intervention aimed at acid blockade is not sufficient to relieve the effects of chronic aspiration on asthma pathology, leaving surgical treatment of the disease as one of the few remaining options. This study examined the effect of chronic aspiration on the airway-associated immune response to allergens using a model of experimentally induced airway hypersensitivity in Balb/c mice. Methods The mice received aspiration of gastric fluid on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, 36, 43, and 50 and were sensitized to ovalbumin by intraperitoneal (IP) injection on days 33 and 47, challenged with aerosolized ovalbumin on day 54, and killed on day 56. Control mice received sham gastric fluid aspirations, sham induction of airway hypersensitivity, or both. Results Chronic aspiration of 50 μl murine gastric fluid once per week for 8 weeks had a profound effect on the immune system in the lung, with upregulation of the macrophage/monocyte-associated cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) and profound downregulation of a broad array of T-cell-associated cytokines including interleukins 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 13, and 23, as well as interferon-γ. The aspiration-induced depression of IL-5 production in particular was found only in mice with airway hypersensitivity and not in control mice without airway hypersensitivity. Conclusions The results indicate that chronic aspiration of gastric fluid has a profound effect on the nature of the allergic response to aerosolized allergens, suggesting that the aspiration may be an important factor affecting the pathogenesis of asthma. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00464-009-0727-5Authors Anitra D. Thomas, Duke University Medical Center Department of Surgery DUMC Box 2605 Durham NC 27710 USAKuei-Ying Su, Duke University Medical Center Department of Surgery DUMC Box 2605 Durham NC 27710 USAJui-Chih Chang, Duke University Medical Center Department of Surgery DUMC Box 2605 Durham NC 27710 USAJason H. Leung, Duke University Medical Center Department of Surgery DUMC Box 2605 Durham NC 27710 USASean M. Lee, Duke University Medical Center Department of Surgery DUMC Box 2605 Durham NC 27710 USAZoie E. Holzknecht, Duke University Medical Center Department of Surgery DUMC Box 2605 Durham NC 27710 USAMary Lou Everett, Duke University Medical Center Department of Surgery DUMC Box 2605 Durham NC 27710 USAWilliam Parker, Duke University Medical Center Department of Surgery DUMC Box 2605 Durham NC 27710 USAR. Duane Davis, Duke University Medical Center Department of Surgery DUMC Box 2605 Durham NC 27710 USAShu S. Lin, Duke University Medical Center Department of Surgery DUMC Box 2605 Durham NC 27710 USA Journal Surgical EndoscopyOnline ISSN 1432-2218Print ISSN 0930-2794
Optimizing lymphadenectomy in laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer
Sat, 14 Nov 2009 06:59:18 -0000
Optimizing lymphadenectomy in laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer Content Type Journal ArticleCategory LetterDOI 10.1007/s00464-009-0747-1Authors Christof Hottenrott, Chirurgische Klinik St. Elisabethenkrankenhaus Frankfurt Germany Journal Surgical EndoscopyOnline ISSN 1432-2218Print ISSN 0930-2794
Internal validity of randomized controlled trials reported in major gastrointestinal and surgical endoscopy journals in 2008
Sat, 14 Nov 2009 06:59:16 -0000
Abstract Background Assessment of the reported methodology for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the major gastrointestinal and surgical endoscopy journals has never been reported. Methods Generation of the allocation sequence, allocation concealment, double blinding, sample size calculation, number of patients, and funding source included in methodologic quality were retrieved from each trial, and all the relevant trials were identified by a search of all clinical trials published in 2008 in four major gastrointestinal and surgical endoscopy journals. Results A total of 64 trials were included in the final analysis, which found that 50% (32/64) of all trials reported adequate generation of the allocation sequence, 58% (37/64) reported adequate allocation concealment, 47% (30/64) reported adequate blinding, 47% (30/64) reported adequate sample size calculation, and 67% (43/64) failed to disclose the funding source. Conclusions The study showed that the quality of the reported methodology in the major gastrointestinal and surgical endoscopy journals needs great improvement. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00464-009-0743-5Authors Yu Bai, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University Evidence-Based Medicine Group, Department of Gastroenterology 168 Changhai Road Shanghai ChinaYong-Fa Wu, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University Evidence-Based Medicine Group, Department of Gastroenterology 168 Changhai Road Shanghai ChinaDong Wang, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University Evidence-Based Medicine Group, Department of Gastroenterology 168 Changhai Road Shanghai ChinaYang Xia, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University Evidence-Based Medicine Group, Department of Gastroenterology 168 Changhai Road Shanghai ChinaJun Gao, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University Evidence-Based Medicine Group, Department of Gastroenterology 168 Changhai Road Shanghai ChinaDuo-Wu Zou, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University Evidence-Based Medicine Group, Department of Gastroenterology 168 Changhai Road Shanghai ChinaZhao-Shen Li, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University Evidence-Based Medicine Group, Department of Gastroenterology 168 Changhai Road Shanghai China Journal Surgical EndoscopyOnline ISSN 1432-2218Print ISSN 0930-2794
Is endoscopic closure with clips effective for both diagnostic and therapeutic colonoscopy-associated bowel perforation?
Sat, 14 Nov 2009 06:59:15 -0000
Abstract Background Colonic perforation is an uncommon but serious colonoscopy-associated complication. This study assessed the effectiveness of conservative management with endoscopic clipping for colonoscopy-associated perforations. Methods Clinical manifestations and management outcomes were assessed for 38 patients with colonoscopy-associated colonic perforations that occurred between January 2001 and April 2008 at the Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. These perforations were classified as endoscopically evident, endoscopically suspected, and radiologically proven. Results Of the 38 perforations, 19 were endoscopically evident, 9 were endoscopically suspected, and 10 were radiologically proven but without endoscopic evidence. Of the 19 patients with endoscopically evident perforations, 13 (68.4%) underwent endoscopic closure with clips, and all improved without surgery. All nine patients with endoscopically suspected perforations underwent endoscopic closure, and eight (88.9%) improved without surgery. Of the 10 radiologically proven perforations, 7 were detected within 1 day after colonoscopy. All the patients improved without surgery. However, two of the three patients with delayed perforations required emergency laparotomy. Consequently, of the 38 patients with perforations, 29 (76.3%) improved without surgery. Of the 28 patients with endoscopically evident or suspected perforations, conservative management was successful for 21 (95.5%) of the 22 patients with effective clipping, but for none (0%) of the 6 patients without clipping. Conclusions Conservative management by immediate endoscopic closure with clips can be effective for the treatment of colonic perforations detected during colonoscopy. Conservative management also may be tried cautiously for stable patients who have radiologically proven colonoscopy-associated perforations without endoscopic evidence. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00464-009-0746-2Authors Dong-Hoon Yang, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine 388-1, Pungnap-2dong, Songpa-gu Seoul 138-736 KoreaJeong-Sik Byeon, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine 388-1, Pungnap-2dong, Songpa-gu Seoul 138-736 KoreaKyung-Hoon Lee, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine 388-1, Pungnap-2dong, Songpa-gu Seoul 138-736 KoreaSoon Man Yoon, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine 388-1, Pungnap-2dong, Songpa-gu Seoul 138-736 KoreaKyung Jo Kim, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine 388-1, Pungnap-2dong, Songpa-gu Seoul 138-736 KoreaByong Duk Ye, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine 388-1, Pungnap-2dong, Songpa-gu Seoul 138-736 KoreaSeung-Jae Myung, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine 388-1, Pungnap-2dong, Songpa-gu Seoul 138-736 KoreaSuk-Kyun Yang, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine 388-1, Pungnap-2dong, Songpa-gu Seoul 138-736 KoreaJin-Ho Kim, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine 388-1, Pungnap-2dong, Songpa-gu Seoul 138-736 Korea Journal Surgical EndoscopyOnline ISSN 1432-2218Print ISSN 0930-2794
Objective classification of residents based on their psychomotor laparoscopic skills
Sat, 14 Nov 2009 06:59:14 -0000
Abstract Background From the clinical point of view, it is important to recognize residents’ level of expertise with regard to basic psychomotor skills. For that reason, surgeons and surgical organizations (e.g., Acreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, ACGME) are calling for assessment tools that credential residents as technically competent. Currently, no method is universally accepted or recommended for classifying residents as “experienced,” “intermediates,” or “novices” according to their technical abilities. This study introduces a classification method for recognizing residents’ level of experience in laparoscopic surgery based on psychomotor laparoscopic skills alone. Methods For this study, 10 experienced residents (>100 laparoscopic procedures performed), 10 intermediates (10–100 procedures performed), and 11 novices (no experience) performed four tasks in a box trainer. The movements of the laparoscopic instruments were recorded with the TrEndo tracking system and analyzed using six motion analysis parameters (MAPs). The MAPs of all participants were submitted to principal component analysis (PCA), a data reduction technique. The scores of the first principal components were used to perform linear discriminant analysis (LDA), a classification method. Performance of the LDA was examined using a leave-one-out cross-validation. Results Of 31 participants, 23 were classified correctly with the proposed method, with 7 categorized as experienced, 7 as intermediates, and 9 as novices. Conclusions The proposed method provides a means to classify residents objectively as experienced, intermediate, or novice surgeons according to their basic laparoscopic skills. Due to the simplicity and generalizability of the introduced classification method, it is easy to implement in existing trainers. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00464-009-0721-yAuthors Magdalena K. Chmarra, Delft University of Technology Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering (3mE) Mekelweg 2 2628 CD Delft The NetherlandsStefan Klein, University Medical Center Utrecht Image Sciences Institute Utrecht The NetherlandsJoost C. F. de Winter, Delft University of Technology Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering (3mE) Mekelweg 2 2628 CD Delft The NetherlandsFrank-Willem Jansen, Delft University of Technology Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Faculty of Me
Sites:
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: The Southern California Orthopedic Institute (SCOI) - serving the Los Angeles and San Fernando Valley California in orthopedic surgery, sports medicine, knee and shoulder surgery, joint replacement, MRI, and physical rehabilitation.Duke US Surgical Endosurgery Center: The Center was established for the purpose of improving endosurgical education, advancing endosurgery through research and technical developments, and assessing the appropriate applications of endosurgical techniques.
Endius: endoscopic spinal surgery - Endius Incorporated
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Explains how the stomach and intestines can be examined using endoscopes, without surgery.
Laparoscopic Surgery: RSAPC1.com provides information about a broad spectrum of procedures including minimally invasive surgery, colo-rectal , breast and hernia surgery with special interest in advanced laparoscopic procedures including surgical weight loss, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, colon small intestin...
Laparoscopy Hospital: Laparoscopy Hospital is super specialized institute for laparoscopic treatment training and research
MicroSpine - Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery Specialists: Endoscopic Laser Spine Surgery
Neurosurgeon and Pain Management Specialist: Dr. Ramsis F. Ghaly is a Neurosurgeon who is uniquely specialized in the latest endoscopic surgical techniques. Dr. Ghaly also specializes in Pain Management by using techniques that alleviate refractory pain sufferers. He also specializes in Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Management.
Plastic Surgery Performed Using Endoscopes: Provides explanations of various procedures (browlifts, facelifts) that can be performed endoscopically. Compares conventional and endoscopic procedures.
San Diego Shoulder Arthroscopy: An on-line library of tips, techniques, and procedures.
Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons: The leading professional society and CME meeting, representing more than 5000 board certified surgeons who use endoscopy and laparoscopy as an integral part of their treatment of patients
The Belgian Group for Endoscopic Surgery: An association of endoscopic surgeons in Belgium.
TMJ (Temporomandibular Joint) Disorders: The temporomandibular joint, anatomy, disorders, surgery. Includes a brief discussion of TMJ arthroscopy.
University of Massachusetts EndoSurgery Center: Laparoscopic surgical techniques, online courses and educational resources for minimally invasive and hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery. Watch videos and learn the essentials of laparoscopy, including cholecystectomy, hernia repair, Nissen and Toupet fundoplication for GERD.
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